Kiddushin 52a: If one married a woman using an item stolen, bought by force or burglarized from her, or if he grabbed a coin out of her hand and used it to marry her, then she is married. But the Mishnah is also talking about stealing from her, and Rav said that in that case she is not married! – It depends if he arranged to marry her beforehand. If he arranged it, she is married, and if not, not.
Rashi: Since she agreed to marry him, when she accepted the stolen item as kiddushin, she clearly forgave him and allowed him to keep it.
Shulchan Aruch Even Hoezer 28:19: If one borrows an item from his friend and informs him that he wishes to use it to marry a woman, then she is married. If not, there is a doubt whether she is married.
קידושין נב ע”א: מיתיבי: קידשה בגזל בחמס ובגניבה, או שחטף סלע מידה וקדשה ־ מקודשתִ. התם בגזל דידה וכו’ והא מתניתין דגזל דידה, וקאמר רב: אינה מקודשתִ לא קשיא: הא דשדיך, הא דלא שדיך.
Rabbi Moshe Heinemann was once officiating at a wedding, and, following the advice of the Beis Shmuel (28:49), he asked the chosson if the ring belonged to him. He said, “No, my mother-in-law gave it to me.”
“How did she give it to you?” Rav Heinemann asked. The chosson replied, “This ring is very special to her because all of her daughters got married with this ring. She wanted me to use it too.” Rav Heinemann did not allow him to use it under these conditions; the chosson had to own the ring completely and give it irrevocably to the kallah.
Source: Mah Nomar, Hilchos Kiddushin p. 112
[The Shulchan Aruch actually does say that one may use a borrowed ring, if the lender knows that the borrower will be using it for kiddushin, because then the lender will have in mind to give it to him even as a gift if necessary. The Beis Shmuel brings the Rosh, who says that to avoid mistakes, it is best not to use a borrowed ring for kiddushin, even if the lender allows it. After the fact, if the lender allows it, the marriage is effective. The Rema in Darchei Moshe writes that indeed, common custom is to use borrowed rings for kiddushin.
The Rosh (quoted by the Be’er Heitev) continues: If he did not inform the lender of his plans to use it for kiddushin, the kiddushin is only effective if four conditions are met: 1) He lent it to him for a fixed amount of time (if not, the lender could demand it back at any moment and she would not be getting any benefit from borrowing it). 2) The lender must have given him permission to lend it to others. 3) He must tell the kallah that he is only lending it to her, not giving it. 4) Her wearing the ring, for the amount of time she is borrowing it, must be worth at least a minimal amount of money (one prutah) to her.]
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